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          Historical Context
        
        
          To better understand the settlement phases of the eastern region, particularly those of the region between the Mangoro and Ivondro
        
        
          rivers, it is important to put them in the context of the origin of Madagascar’s settlement.
        
        
          The first inhabitants of Madagascar arrived more than 4,000 years ago. This figure is constantly subject to controversy due to two
        
        
          main reasons: the improvement of investigative tools; and a scientific desire to produce sensational stories.
        
        
          Austronesia
        
        
          Arabo-Persian
        
        
          Africa
        
        
          Europe
        
        
          Main migratory
        
        
          flows